Author: Dr. Gordon Slater
Distraction arthroplasty is a cutting-edge orthopedic surgery used to preserve joint function and salvage a joint. This article explains this procedure, who it is recommended for, and postoperative considerations.
What is a Distraction Arthroplasty?
A distraction arthroplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that addresses advanced joint degeneration in joints such as the knee and ankle. It involves the creation of a controlled gap within the joint to stimulate the body's natural healing mechanisms, redeveloping cartilage and tissue.
Joint degeneration is commonly caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis or post-traumatic injuries, causing debilitating pain. While traditional treatment involves a complete joint replacement, this may not always be the best option, especially for younger patients, as it carries the risk of complications and a limited lifespan of the prosthetic joint.
Who Can Have a Distraction Arthroplasty?
A distraction arthroplasty is for individuals who have reached an advanced stage of joint degeneration and wish to preserve their natural joint. It is particularly beneficial for:
● Younger patients who are relatively active and have a healthy lifestyle
● Patients with localized joint degeneration in areas such as the knee and ankle joints
● Those who want to postpone more invasive joint replacement surgery
How is Distraction Arthroplasty Done?
Before a distraction arthroplasty is performed, an orthopedic surgeon conducts a thorough preoperative examination to assess the extent of joint damage and determine if this procedure is appropriate.
During the procedure, the surgeon makes small incisions near the affected joint and uses specialized tools that precisely separate the joint surfaces to create a small gap. External fixators, such as screws and pins, hold this gap.
Over a period of several weeks, the surgeon incrementally adjusts these fixators to increase the joint space, which, in turn, stimulates cartilage and tissue growth to fill the gap. Once the desired joint space is achieved, the external fixators are removed. Throughout this time, the patient undergoes physical therapy to restore and maintain joint function.
Postoperative Care
Rehabilitation begins immediately after surgery and is crucial for a successful outcome. It focuses on restoring joint mobility, strength, and stability, typically beginning within 2 – 3 days of the procedure. Along with mobility exercises, other aspects of postoperative care include:
● Gradual weight-bearing to promote joint healing. While a patient needs crutches or a brace to support their joint immediately following a distraction arthroplasty, with consistent effort, they should be able to use their joint as normal.
● Pain management using pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs to manage postoperative discomfort.
● Regular follow-up appointments with the orthopedic surgeon to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.
It is important to note that total recovery time varies from patient to patient. Not only does it depend on the joint and extent of damage, it also depends on the patient's overall health. Generally, patients can expect several months of recovery before returning to their usual activities. Full recovery may take up to a year, but the benefits of preserving the natural joint are well worth the time and effort.
Conclusion
A distraction arthroplasty is a welcome alternative for patients suffering from joint degeneration who are looking to maintain an active lifestyle and postpone more invasive procedures. In the hands of a skilled surgeon and with diligent postoperative care, this procedure can improve joint preservation and enhance the quality of life.
However, every patient’s circumstances and health is unique. Therefore, If you're considering a distraction arthroplasty, consult with an experienced orthopedic surgeon who can evaluate your joint’s condition and determine if you are a suitable candidate for a distraction arthroplasty.